This large wooden panel contains the ‘tughra’ (calligraphic emblem) of the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II (1805-1839). The tughra is painted in gold and acts as a sultan's seal and signature. Below it is an inscription which comprised of two parts. One is a couplet written in Ottoman Turkish which translates as: 'May this tughra of the glorious name confer one hundred thousand victories upon Mustafa Pasha'. The second is in Arabic which reads: ‘Written by the humble Yusuf Rifeat, the Imam of al-Hajj Mustafa Pasha, Governor of Aleppo, Sha'ban 1236 (May 1820).’
