This document is known as a firman or an imperial edict issued during the reign of Sultan 'Abd al-Hamid II, who reigned from 1876 until 1909 CE. This official document confirms the provision of funds and services for the holy places in Mecca and Medina. It is written in 'diwani', a script developed in 15th century Turkey. This script was used by government scribes for official documents during Ottoman rule. On top of the document is a calligraphic composition known as a 'tughra'. It is made up of the Sultan’s name and was used like an imperial signature or seal.
