A Yao woman's identity is strongly influenced by the garment she wears. While the dress styles vary among the various sub-groups, they are all connected by important Yao traditions and customs. All garments are indigo or black, made of cotton homespun cloth with the exception of the tunic, which may be commercially made. Almost all Yao women wear trousers, a tunic with collar and elaborate headdresses or turbans, and a sash. All use appliqué work and embroidery on their garments. Embroidered clothing is an essential part of the Yao woman’s cultural identity. Yao women learn to sew from a young age and the designs they produce are unique to their community. The Yao are thought to have migrated to North Thailand from central China over the last millennium. Today Yao communities can be found in many areas including southern Chinese provinces, Thailand, Vietnam and Laos. More recently, they have been forced to move to the US, France and Canada due to political events.
